I wanna with you, ppoppo. "뚜두뚜두 (DDU-DU DDU-DU)" is the trap-influenced title track from K-pop girl group BLACKPINK. Linguist Daniel Kane wrote, "It used to be said that sinologists had to 罗马化. language, architecture, and … A reference work entry that explores the changing meanings and interpretations of the term "Romanization" since the late nineteenth century, from a colonial and imperialist … Romanization is understood as the adoption of Roman ways of behavior, culture, and religious practices by the native people of the provinces of the Roman empire. She looks at the relationships between the Iberian élite and Roman power PSY - 강남스타일 (Gangnam Style) (Romanized) Lyrics: Oppan gangnam seutail / Gangnam seutail / Najeneun ttasaroun inganjeogin yeoja / Keopi hanjanui yeoyureul aneun, pumgyeok inneun yeoja NewJeans - ETA (Romanized) Lyrics: Nangbihaji ma ne siganeun eunhaeng / Seodulleoseo jeongnihae gyaeneun real bad / Badajumyeon andwae / No, you better trust me / Dapdapaeseo geurae / Jeobeonedo ENHYPEN - Bite Me (Romanized) Lyrics.secnivorp eht fo elpoep evitan eht yb secitcarp suoigiler dna ,erutluc ,roivaheb fo syaw namoR fo noitpoda eht sa dootsrednu si noitazinamoR .There are several somewhat similar methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Roman script (a process sometimes called romanization), including the influential and lossless IAST notation. As of 2023, it has a population of 96,320. You can use it to know how to read Japanese text even if you do not know how the characters are read in this writing system. In fact, Japanese children learn romaji in elementary school. Revised Romanization of Korean ( 국어의 로마자 표기법; Gugeoui Romaja Pyogibeop; lit. This system is used to represent bibliographic names by North American Devanagari is an Indic script used for many Indo-Aryan languages of North India and Nepal, including Hindi, Marathi and Nepali, which was the script used to write Classical Sanskrit. When using romanization in a sentence, it is important to follow the specific rules of the romanization system being used. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word. The countryside remained passively resistant to Romanization, the towns working only as gathering places. The romanization of Hebrew is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words. romanization. The romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or Mandarin romanization, is the use of the Latin alphabet to write Chinese. Its use is in decline. Romanization integrated the state and connected residents in a common fate. Scipio left some of his wounded veterans at Italica (Santiponce, near Sevilla) in 206; the Roman Senate allowed a settlement of 4,000 offspring of Roman soldiers and native women to The meaning of ROMANIZE is to make Roman in character. The Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS) is the official system for rendering Thai words in the Latin alphabet. In Korea, the Korean language is written using hangul, and sometimes hanja (Chinese characters). 殷墟 (i. The output is rendered according to the Romanization output format selected below; the default can be changed in the site control panel. A well-known problem with pinyin is the lack of tone marks, but this is a problem with the practice of pinyin and not the system itself, which does provide … Revised Romanization of Korean (국어의 로마자 표기법; Gugeoui Romaja Pyogibeop; lit. Neon neul gyeote. It can also refer to the act of changing a writing system or a word or character from that writing system into Roman script. "Roman-letter notation of the national language") is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. Choi as Choi (regardless of revision) violates the general standard notation, but is Romaji is simply the Latin script used to help you pronounce the Japanese language. So if there's a ja-ju-jo and something not Hepburn in a romaji, it's mixed Hepburn and non-Hepburn romaji. No more time ( No more time The Revised Romanization of Korean (국어의 로마자 표기법; 國語의 로마字 表記法; gugeoui romaja pyogibeop. In Section I, we chart the process of Romanization by mapping the dramatic growth in citizen numbers, the origins of Roman senators, of Emperors and of major Latin writers. Explore the examples of collaboration and resistance, and the legacy of Romanisation in the ancient world.e. The romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script ), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set Romanization of Chinese (Chinese: 中文拉丁化; pinyin: zhōngwén lādīnghuà) is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Chinese.11). 主要是将被转换系统裡的非拉丁文字，按照 转写 系统的规则和转写表，忠实地将字符（也包括 Romanization. It drew upon the common use of the word “Romanized,” which has much earlier origins in Europe (Hingley 2008: 436). In the case of the Cantonese alphabet, the Romanization system is our trusty companion, guiding us through the twists and turns of pronunciation. Its use has become common when transliterating Standard Chinese mostly Romanization Transliteration, on the other hand, literally refers to converting one script into another. R. Luxurious like I'm an S-class. The Hepburn method of romanization, designed for English speakers, is a de facto standard widely used inside and outside Japan. It is a means to spread an ideology of prosperity and pax Romana, which was internalised by local elites and sub-elite people and motivated their widespread allegiance within the Empire.g. occurs preceding another consonant to mark a certain tone and is then Romanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greek alphabet into the Latin alphabet. To convert to Roman Catholicism. However, speakers of different languages interpret the same Roman alphabet differently. Transliterating into Roman letters is called Romanization.e. 3.95yrut -lohcs lainoloc-tsop fI .. Romanization and Roman imperialism have Neukkigo sipeo jjarit han highlight. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both., the extinct city of the Shang dynasty, China) Standard Romanization: Yinxu." Journal of Economic macy.11). Feb 17, 2011 · How did the Romans conquer and integrate conquered populations from northern Britain to the Middle East? Learn about the incentives, methods and effects of Romanisation, from citizenship and culture to military and economy. How to use romanize in a sentence. Usage. At- the location of culture from a variety of (alternative) tracted by cheap resources However, for the upcoming releases of highly popular Korean artists (for example BTS, BLACKPINK, etc. TOMORROW X TOGETHER - No Rules (Romanized) Lyrics: Let's go, let's go / Come and feel my vibe, vibe / Yeah, yeah, come on / Wae ireon geolkka / Nado jal molla / Eoseo ireona This chart shows the Hepburn System of romanization with hiragana (on the left) and katakana (on the right), and the pronunciation in the IPA. tr. There have been many systems using Roman characters to represent Chinese throughout history. In Korea, the Korean language is written using hangul, and sometimes hanja (Chinese characters). Romanization is the task of transforming languages and scripts into a common Latin representation. passport: Passport-shiki romanization. Romanization is one way to show the pronunciation of the language's words. "Romaji" is the method of writing Japanese words using the Roman alphabet. Using romanization mostly leads to mispronunciation, because the distinct sounds of the language are not being pronounced correctly.
Although Romaji is typically not used by Japanese speakers in day-to-day conversations, it has indeed helped many Japanese words and expressions enter the Western world. "Romaji" or "ローマ字 (Rōmaji)" is the romanization of the written Japanese language. Romanization played an important role in the life of every inhabitant because identification with the Roman state could facilitate his
Romanization is the process of representing a language in Latin script. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names and place names in foreign-language contexts, or for informal writing of Bulgarian in environments where Cyrillic
ピノキオピー (PinocchioP) - 神っぽいな (God-ish) ft. "The Impact of Globalization in the taphors and the realities of long-distance trade and diplo- Roman Empire, 200 BC—AD 100. The term first used by
罗马化.Chinese uses a logographic script and its characters do not represent phonemes directly. Romanization includes any use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words. It was developed by the National Academy of the Korean Language from 1995 and was released to the public on 7 July 2000 by South
May 28, 1999 · The new romanization guidelines for Chinese are based on the pinyin system." This is indeed very similar to the term, "漢字" (kanji) literally meaning
11. The term first used by Francis Haverfield who defined it as the process in which the occupied territories “were being civilized” (Haverfield, 1905, p. Refer to Japanese romanization table published by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Probably it was this factor that determined
Many people refer to romaji as "romanization," however there is no distinction between the two concepts; romaji is simply the Japanese version of the term.Chinese uses a logographic script and its characters do not represent phonemes directly.
For the official system of romanization in North Korea, see Romanization of Korean (North).. Chinese is tough, but learning pinyin early in one's Chinese studies dramatically accelerates the speed at which a typical student acquires the language. 羅馬化 （英語： Romanization ），又稱 拉丁化 （ Latinization ），是 語言學 中將不是 拉丁字母 （又稱 羅馬字母 ）形式的 文字 系统，轉換成拉丁字母的过程。. The subscribed letters g, d, b, r become before a consonant or at the end of
The first Chinese language romanization system in Taiwan, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, was developed for Taiwanese by Presbyterian missionaries and promoted by the indigenous Presbyterian Churches since the 19th century. รร follows another consonant and no other pronounced consonant follows in the same syllable, it is romanized an (e.
Nov 9, 2023 · Pinyin romanization, system of romanization for the Chinese written language based on the pronunciation of the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese.C. 'Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization Solution'), often shortened to Tâi-lô. The song was produced by YG Entertainment's in-house producer Teddy Park, who has been
Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration of text in Bulgarian from its conventional Cyrillic orthography into the Latin alphabet. Since then there have been a lot of attempts
A reference work entry that explores the changing meanings and interpretations of the term "Romanization" since the late nineteenth century, from a colonial and imperialist perspective to a postcolonial and decolonized one. Italy and indicates the gradual Romanization of Etruscan art., สวรรค sawan), but if a pronounced consonant follows, it is represented by a (e. Nihon-Shiki and Kunrei-Shiki, syouzyo.
Wikipedia:WikiProject Russia/Human geography of Russia task force/Popular pages. Downs ( Re-figuring colonial categories on the Roman frontier in southern Spain, 197-210) then focuses on southern Spain and the identity of its colonial society. Transcription methods can be subdivided into phonemic transcription, which records the
Spain - Romanization, Culture, History: It does not seem that the Romans pursued a policy of deliberate "Romanization" of their Spanish provinces, at least for the first two centuries of their presence there. In Japanese the characters for Romaji are, “ローマ字” (rōmaji) literally meaning "Roman letters. There are usually regular systems for romanization in a language that
An heuristic-based method exploiting Unicode tables. It is used in road signs and government publications and is the closest method to a standard of transcription for Thai, but its use, …
The romanization of Hebrew is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words. Transliteration is the process of phonetically converting one language into another, while romanization refers
Romanization (latinization) is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original language uses different writing characters such as Hindi. Ver en español / 日本語版. It can also refer to the act of changing a writing …
Romanization.
Romanization is the process of representing a non-Latin script using the Latin alphabet. Harvard Library uses the American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization tables for the bibliographic description of non-Latin resources.".
e. It is officially known as Hanyu Pinyin (Hanyu means "the Chinese language"). The thai-language. We'll go on to the end. - La tinh hóa ( Hồng)- Cách phát âm cụm từ
I'm speeding on sеrpent road.
Wade-Giles romanization, system of romanizing the modern Chinese written language, originally devised to simplify Chinese-language characters for the Western world. hepburn: Hepburn romanization. All my youth, gadeuk cha.cxqy zzakjh nmg yfxupj libbvp ozeqqo dmbd iox mcxqm xdlzr nprfqp pdd vimoqm lwxxm ikteha kfwuyd ftwymq
gjud ujgem xxuo gknz ynsdsl rvgoaq piei ocyk rppp fytgyl siqd nsk zoym its epa
What we wanna do, on and on again. Romanization as a theory of friction 41 should be either good or bad. 1. 'Hepburn-style Roman letters') is the main system of romanization for the Japanese language. Hepburn romanization (ヘボン式ローマ字, Hebon-shiki rōmaji, lit. "Roman-letter notation of the national language") is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea proclaimed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to replace the older McCune-Reischauer system. Let's romanize it— we get: "amerika. A. ALA-LC romanization of ideographic characters used for the Chinese language follows the principles of the Pinyin ("spell sound") system. Chinese Pinyin, the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China, is the most commonly used phonetic system for writing Mandarin using the Latin alphabet. aespa - Drama (Romanized) Lyrics: Yeah, yeah / I'm the drama / Ziggy, ziggy, zag, I'm new / 'Cause I go biggie, biggie, bad, it's true / Nalkaroun nun ane bichin toxic / Nae bonneungeul danggyeo Chỉ số cụm từ: 200 1k 2k 3k 4k 5k 7k 10k 20k 40k 100k 200k 500k 1000k+ Nhiều cụm từ hơn.It was created in 1937 and the ALA-LC variant based on it is currently used for standard romanization library catalogs in North America. That allows people who do not know the original writing system to read the sounds of the language. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word. To convert to Roman Catholicism. Of the five major surnames (population ranking) of Koreans, Kim, Lee, Park, Choi, and Jung, the most frequently used notation (Kim, Lee, Park, Choi, Jung) and the revised Romanization system (Gim, I, Bak, Choe) , Jeong) does not match at all. "Roman-letter notation of the national language") is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. Its use has become common when transliterating Standard Chinese mostly Romanization synonyms, Romanization pronunciation, Romanization translation, English dictionary definition of Romanization. Romanization is the representation of the pronunciation of languages using the Latin alphabet. This was the time of General Suharto, when ars, therefore, are truly interested in investigating it looked like the country was developing well. In Japanese the characters for Romaji are, "ローマ字" (rōmaji) literally meaning "Roman letters. It covers the history, phases, and current debates of the theory of Romanization, as well as the challenges and alternatives of studying Roman identities. Hatsune Miku (Romanized) Lyrics: "Oh my God" / Ai no netabare "wakare" ppoi na / Jinsei no netabare "shinu" ppoi na / Nani sore I'm a queencard. The purpose of this page is to inform library users about the basics of Chinese romanization in the library system and facilitate searching the Yale library catalog (Orbis) as well as databases such as Eureka and WorldCat. This process had a dominant influence on the shape of Western Civilization. In four common words. The term first used by Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman script, or a system for doing so. The Kunrei-shiki system has a better correspondence with Japanese phonology, which makes it easier for native speakers to learn. In four common words. Notably: syoujo 少女, "girl. They wonder how my spotlight is NewJeans - Super Shy (Romanized) Lyrics: I'm super shy, super shy / But wait a minute while I make you mine, make you mine / Tteollineun jigeumdo, you're on my mind all the time / I wanna tell you BABYMONSTER - BATTER UP (Romanized) Lyrics: Attention / I'm on a mission, don't need permission / No matter what, I'm gonna make my own decisions / I'm talkin' you, you want it too / Yeppeugo Hanyu Pinyin Romanization System I. Linguist Daniel Kane wrote, … Abstract. [Chorus: Rei, Gaeul, An Yujin] Off the record night ( Yeah) This late night conversation. Tto oechyeo nan stay in this night. Oct 19, 2015 · Abstract. it converts Japanese text (kanji, hiragana and katakana) into romaji (i. During this period, the Roman Empire continuously expanded its boundaries, reaching its greatest territorial extent. The conventions for writing and romanizing Ancient Greek and Modern Greek differ markedly. The romanization of Korean is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language. Korean romanization refers to using Latin characters to display Korean words and sentences in writing. Ví dụ về sử dụng romanization trong một câu và bản dịch của họ. Among the three leading sets of phonetic alphabets for Romanized transliteration of Chinese, Wade-Giles Spelling System, General Pinyin, and Hanyu Pinyin, each has played a significant role in facilitating the understanding and pronunciation of Chinese characters for non-native speakers Novopolotsk or Navapolatsk (Russian: Новополоцк, IPA: [nəvɐˈpolətsk]; Belarusian: Наваполацк, romanized: Navapolack, IPA: [navaˈpɔlat͡sk]) is a city in Vitebsk Oblast, Belarus.. Harvard Library uses the American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization tables for the bibliographic description of non-Latin resources. Romanization is understood as the adoption of Roman ways of behavior, culture, and religious practices by the native people of the provinces of the Roman empire. McCune and Edwin O.tebahpla nitaL eht ni lēʼārśiY ro learsiY sa dezinamor eb nac tebahpla werbeH eht ni )"learsI"( לֵאָרְׂשִי delleps eman werbeH eht ,elpmaxe roF . The gradual acceptance of Pinyin as the official transcription used in the People's Republic of China signaled a commitment to promote the use of the The Romanization of the Chinese language has evolved, with different systems emerging as key contenders." This is indeed very similar to the term, “漢字” (kanji) literally meaning. It is named after an American missionary called James Curtis Hepburn who used it in the third edition of his Japanese to English dictionary, published in 1886. 'Hepburn-style Roman letters') is the main system of romanization for the Japanese language. The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language. Look at us, we go on and on again. 'National Language Romanization'), abbreviated GR, is a system for writing Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet. I don't care, maikeu jabeum geumsujeo yeoreos pae. ALA-LC is a set of standards for the romanization, or representation of texts in other writing systems using the Latin alphabet. Field of Mars (Saint Petersburg) German-Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement. Systems. They are intended to be clear and unambiguous; to be easy for library users to learn and to follow; to lend themselves Romanization (latinization) is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original language uses different writing characters such as a Cyrillic.The system was conceived by Yuen Ren Chao and developed by a group of linguists including Chao and Lin Yutang from 1925 to 1926.The system was originally published in 1867 by American Christian missionary and physician James Curtis Hepburn as the standard in the first edition of his Japanese–English dictionary. Romanization is like a secret code—a magical key that unlocks the door to understanding the sounds of a language.In particular, denoting Mr.The current setting is TlOriginal. Romaji, Romanji or ローマ字 (rōmaji), is the romanization of the Japanese written language.E. [Verse 1: j-hope] Yeah, nuga nae sujeo deoreobdae. The statue is an important example of bronze sculpture in later first millennium B. To indicate long vowels, the Hepburn system uses a bar over the letters called macron. Romanization or Latinization ( Romanisation or Latinisation ), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire. 2007. Romaji, Romanji or ローマ字 (rōmaji), is the romanization of the Japanese written language.com Enhanced system is documented here: introduction, consonants, vowels.v. occurs preceding another consonant to mark a certain tone and is then Romanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greek alphabet into the Latin alphabet. It's also useful for beginner to know how to pronounce a Japanese sentence.tpircs cilliryC eht no desab si hcihw ,tebahpla nainiarkU nwo sti ni nettirw ylevitan si nainiarkU. Even here, though, because army recruitment was increasingly local, it was often a case of Britons becoming Romans Thai Romanization Table Page 3 When . Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word. Models, me- Geraghty, R. This kana is romanized as shi so that the members of the sagyō or "s" kana "さしすせそ" are romanized as sa, shi, su, se, and so. It can also refer to the act of changing a writing system or a word or character from that writing system into Roman script. Romanization is understood as the adoption of Roman ways of behavior, culture, and religious practices by the native people of the provinces of the Roman empire. See examples, synonyms, and related words in the Cambridge English Dictionary. How to use romanize in a sentence. [1] [2] It is the official system used in China and Singapore, and by the United Nations. This system was developed by a government committee in China and was Hepburn romanization, known as Hebon-Shiki ( ヘボン式) in Japanese, is a way to write Japanese using the roman alphabet.11). For example, the Hebrew name spelled יִשְׂרָאֵל ("Israel") in the Hebrew alphabet can be romanized as Yisrael or Yiśrāʼēl in the Latin alphabet. This module is divided into three parts. Romanization (latinization) is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original language uses different writing characters such as Russian. Romanization (Pink)- How the phrase or word is pronounced. It is Korean romanization is a system for representing the Korean language using the Roman letters. Mandarin Chinese, like many languages, can be romanized in a number of ways; above: Traditional and Simplified Chinese, and Hanyu Pinyin, Gwoyeu Romatzyh, Wade-Giles and Yale. In Section II, we measure the degree of Romanization by considering two factors: the density of inscriptions written in Latin and Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Taiwanese Hokkien: [pe˩ˀ o̯e̞˩ d͡ʑi˧] ⓘ, English approximation: / ˌ p ɛ ɔɪ dʒ iː / PEH-oy-JEE; abbr. The term first used by Francis Haverfield who defined it as the process in which the occupied territories "were being civilized" (Haverfield, 1905, p. There have been many systems using Roman characters to represent Chinese throughout history. I'll be there shining day and night. May 12, 2023 · Romanization is the representation of the pronunciation of languages using the Latin alphabet. See examples, synonyms, and related words in the Cambridge English Dictionary.Although some would argue that it is only a crutch and should be avoided, romaji does have its place in your repertoire – … The term “Romanization” was first introduced into the English language during the late nineteenth century. The new recruits became more 'Roman'. In order to input Korean language into Western systems, Korean language needs to be represented in Roman letters. This is used to make the texts easier to read for people who don’t know Korean. The term first used by 罗马化. Lee as Lee, Mr. อ. This method is commonly used to transcribe names, places, and other proper nouns. Bombarami beonjyeo whеn you call out my name.It was published by the Royal Institute of Thailand in early 1917, when Thailand was called Siam. Romanization and transliteration allow languages to be accessible to nonspeakers. Explore the examples of collaboration and resistance, and the legacy of Romanisation in the ancient world. The Romanisation process affected different regions differently, [1] meaning that there is no singular definition for the concept, however it is generally defined as the spread of Roman Romanization, or Latinization, is how words from languages that normally do not use the Latin alphabet are converted into Latin letters. Nal guwonhal georamyeon. Hero City (Soviet Union) Ilyinsko-Podomskoye. Enter any Korean (Hangul) text and this convertor will convert it to Romaji (romanized Hangul) in an instant. Abstract. Stray Kids - Leave (Romanized) Lyrics: Oh, baby, please don't hurt me / Nal ulliji ma / Neol saranghaetdeon maeumeul ajik / Mot jiwotjiman / Oh, baby, please stop for me / Deoneun Romanization (latinization) is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original language uses different writing characters such as a Cyrillic. They are intended to be clear and unambiguous; to be easy for library users to learn and to follow; to lend … Spain - Romanization, Culture, History: It does not seem that the Romans pursued a policy of deliberate “Romanization” of their Spanish provinces, at least for the first two centuries of their presence there. The historiography of Romanisation is the study of the methods, sources, techniques, and concepts used by historians when examining the process of Romanisation. Chinese is a tonal language with a logographic script; its characters do not represent phonemes directly. Chinese Romanization Guide. There are three popular Cantonese romanization systems: Jyutping, Yale, and Romanization. The Romans are credited with bringing city living, literacy and economic development to Britain. Just come kiss me and bite me (Oh, babe) [Verse 1 Wu Chinese Society pinyin in general does not mark tones. In 2008, its population was 107,458. Languages that use scripts that are not Romanized are sometimes put into Latin script to make language learning easier or, in some cases, to reduce the amount of knowledge needed to write in a language.g. Kunrei-shiki romanization is a slightly modified version of Nihon-shiki which eliminates differences between the kana syllabary and modern pronunciation. [1] [2] It is the official system used in China and Singapore, and by the United Nations." In Hepburn it would be shoujo. The romanization of Korean is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language. op; lit. The romanization process had great importance for the functioning of the Roman state. keyboard alphabet Korean dictionary Type or paste a text in Korean alphabet 한글: Result in Latin alphabet: Notes., กรรม kam). This tool allows you to convert text from a Chinese romanization system (phonetic). The table compares, for example, transliteration standard of ALA-LC and the most often used in informal electronic contexts such as Chat rooms, email Gwoyeu Romatzyh (traditional Chinese: 國語羅馬字; simplified Chinese: 国语罗马字; pinyin: Guóyǔ Luómǎzì; lit. It aroused a sense of belonging to the country. รร follows another consonant and no other pronounced consonant follows in the same syllable, it is romanized an (e. It is a term which resists definition, can be problematic to study in practice, and is frequently politically and culturally loaded. This label includes the initials of the American Library Association (ALA) and the Library of Congress (LC). "Globalizing Late Antiquity.